I.
Translate the
short story into Mongolian
A
Just Judge
Leo Tolstoy
An Algerian king
named Bauakas wanted to find out whether or not it was true, as he had been
told, that in one of his cities there lived a just judge who could instantly
discern the truth, and from whom no rogue was ever able to conceal himself.
Bauakas exchanged clothes with a merchant and went on horseback to the city
where the judge lived.
At the entrance
to the city a cripple approached the king and begged alms of him. Bauakas gave
him money and was about to continue on his way, but the cripple clung to his
clothing.
“What do you
wish?” asked the king. “Haven’t I given you money?”
“You gave me alms,”
said the cripple, “now grant me one favor. Let me ride with you as far as the
city
square, otherwise the horses and camels may trample me.”
Bauakas sat the
cripple behind him on the horse and took him as far as the city square. There
he halted his horse, but the cripple refused to dismount.
“We have arrived
at the square, why don’t you get off?” asked Bauakas.
“Why should I?”
the beggar replied. “This horse belongs to me. If you are unwilling to return
it, we shall have to go to court.”
Hearing their quarrel,
people gathered around them shouting: “Go to the judge! He will decide between
you!”
Bauakas and the
cripple went to the judge. There were others in court, and the judge called
upon each one in turn. Before he came to Bauakas and the cripple he heard a
scholar and a peasant. They had come to court over a woman: the peasant said
she was his wife, and the scholar said she was his. The judge heard them both,
remained silent for a moment, and then said: “Leave the woman here with me, and
come back tomorrow.”
When they had
gone, a butcher and an oil merchant came before the judge. The butcher was
covered with blood, and the oil merchant with oil. In his hand the butcher held
some money, and the oil merchant held onto the butcher’s hand.
“I was buying
oil from this man,“ the butcher said, “and when I took out my purse to pay him,
he seized me by the hand and tried to take all my money away from me. That is
why we have come to you- I holding onto my purse, and he holding onto my hand.
But the money is mine, and he is a thief.”
Then the oil
merchant spoke. “That is not true,” he said. “The butcher came to me to buy
oil, and after I had poured him a full jug, he asked me to change a gold piece
for him. When I took out my money and placed it upon a bench, he seized it and
tried to run off. I caught him by the hand, as you see, and brought him here to
you.”
The judge
remained silent for a moment, then said: “Leave the money here with me, and
come back tomorrow.”
When his turn
came, Bauakas told what had happened. The judge listened to him, and then asked
the beggar to speak.
“All that he
said is untrue,” said the beggar. “He was sitting on the ground, and as I rode
through the city he asked me to let him ride with me. I sat him behind me on my
horse and took him where he wanted to go. But when he got there he refused to
get off and said that the horse was his, which is not true.”
The judge
thought for a moment, then said, “Leave the horse here with me, and come back
tomorrow.”
The following
day many people gathered in court to hear the judge’s decisions.
First came the
scholar and the peasant.
“Take your
wife,” the judge said to the scholar, “and the peasant shall be given fifty
strokes of the lash.”
The scholar took
his wife, and the peasant was given his punishment.
Then the judge
called the butcher.
“The money is
yours,” he said to him. And pointing to the oil merchant he said: “Give him
fifty strokes of the lash.”
He next called
Bauakas and the cripple.
“Would you be
able to recognize your horse among twenty others?” he asked Bauakas.
“I would,” he
replied.
“And you?” he
asked the cripple.
“I would,” said
the cripple.
“Come with me,”
the judge said to Bauakas.
They went to the
stable. Bauakas instantly pointed out his horse among the twenty others. The
judge called the cripple to the stable and told him to point out his horse. The
cripple recognized the horse and pointed to it. The judge then returned to his
seat.
“Take the horse,
it is yours,” said to Bauakas. “Give the beggar fifty strokes of the lash.”
When the judge
left the court and went home, Bauakas followed him.
“What do you
want?” asked the judge. “Are you not satisfied with my decision?”
“I am
satisfied,” said Bauakas. “But I should like to learn how you knew that the
woman was the wife of the scholar, that the money belonged to the butcher, and
that the horse was mine and not the beggar’s.”
“This is how I
knew about the woman: in the morning I sent for her and said: ’Please fill my
inkwell.’ She took the inkwell, washed it quickly and deftly, and filled it
with ink; therefore it was work she was accustomed to. If she had been the wife
of the peasant she would not have known how to do it. This showed me that the
scholar was telling the truth.”
“And this is how
I knew about the money: I put it into a cup full of water, and in the morning I
looked to see if any oil had risen to the surface. If the money had belonged to
the oil merchant it would have been soiled by his oily hands. There was no oil on
the water; therefore, the butcher was telling the truth.”
“It was more
difficult to find out about the horse. The cripple recognized it among twenty
others, even as you did. However, I did not take you both to the stable to see
which of you knew the horse, but to see which of you the horse knew. When you
approached it, it turned its head and stretched its neck toward you; but when
the cripple touched it, it laid back its ears and lifted one hoof. Therefore I
knew that you were the horse’s real master.”
Then Bauakas
said to the judge: “I am not a merchant, but king Bauakas. I came here in order
to see if what is said of you is true. I see now that you are a wise judge. Ask
whatever you wish of me, and you shall have it as a reward.”
“I need no
reward,” replied the judge. “I am content that my king has praised me.”
II. Translate the poem
All
things bright and beautiful
Cecil Frances
Alexander
All things bright and beautiful,
All creatures great and small,
All things wise and wonderful,
The Lord God made them all.
Each little
flower that opens,
Each little bird
that sings,
He made their
glowing colors,
He made their
tiny wings.
The
purple-headed mountain,
The river
running by,
The sunset, and
the morning,
The brightens up
the sky;
The cold wind in
the winter,
The pleasant
summer sun,
The ripe fruits
in the garden,
He made them
every one.
He gave us eyes
to see them,
And lips that we
might tell,
How great is God
Almighty,
Who has made all
things well.
III.
Translating
proverbs
1.
All
men can’t be masters.
2.
Anger
is a short madness.
3.
As
the call, so the echo.
4.
As
the tree, son the fruit.
5.
An
ass is but an ass, though laden with gold.
6.
Art
is long, life is short.
7.
Barking
dogs seldom bite.
8.
Best
defense is offence.
9.
Better
be alone than in bad company.
10. A clean hand
wants no washing.
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