morphology lecture

Most Common Prefixes

1.      Un: not, opposite unhappy

2. Re: again, back

              return

3. Dis: not, opposite

              discover

4. En, em: cause to

enjoy (becomes verb)

5. In,im, ir, ill: not, opposite

              Indirect

6. Non: not (nonfiction)

7. In, im: in/into (Inside)

8. Mis: Wrongly (Mistake)

9. Pre: before    (prepare)

10. Inter: between

         International

11. Fore: before          (forecast)

12. De: opposite

         deforestation

13. Trans: across (transport)

14. Super: above (supermarket)

15. Mid: middle

         (midterm exam)

Adjective Suffixes

•         able, -ible:       able to be                                 edible,

•         -al:       relating to                                            regional

•         -ful:     full of                                                   hopeful

•         -ic, -ical: relating to                                         musical,

•         -ious, -ous: full of                                            nutritious

•         -ish: having the characteristic of                      boyish

•         -ive: having the characteristic of                      attractive

•         -less:    without                                               endless

•         -y         characteristic of                                   scary

Noun Suffixes

•         -acy:    state or quality                                     democracy

•         -ance, -ence: state or quality of                       maintenance,

•         -dom: place or state of being             freedom, kingdom

•         -er, -or:           one who                      trainer, translator

•         -ion:     showing action state                nation, creation

•         -ism:     belief                                      communism

•         -ist:      one who                                  guitarist

•         -ity, -ty: quality of                               creativity

•         -ment: condition of                             argument

•         -ness:   state of being                           happiness

•         -ship:   position held                            assistantship

•         -sion, -tion: state of being                   transition

•         Negative prefixes:  moral-amoral, obey-disobey, justice-injustice, smoke-nonsmoker, movable-immovable, legal-illegal, pleasant-unpleasant

•         Reversative prefixes:  centralize-decentralize, unite-disunite, wrap-unwrap

•         Prefixes of degree or size:  active-hyperactive, election-minielection, live-outlive, computer-microcomputer, strong-extrastrong, economy-makroeconomy, freeze-superfreeze, developed-underdeveloped

•         Locative prefixes:  forehead, inter-city, trans-world, telecommunication, transcontinential

•         Prefixes of time and order:  ex-president, foretell, post-election, reconsider, preprepared

•         Number prefixes:  bicycle, bilingual, multi-purpose, polysyllable, tricycle,

Suffixation

1. Noun-forming suffixes:

Ø  Denominal nouns-concrete:  -eer, -er, -ess, -ette, -let

Ø  Abstract: -age, -dom, -ery, -(-ry), -hood, -ship, -ing, -ism

Ø  Deverbal nouns-denoting people: -ant, -ent, -ee, -er, (-or)

Ø  De-adjective nouns-denoting actions, process, result, state etc.,: -age, -ance, -ation (-ition, -sion, -ssion, -ion), -ing, -ence, -ment;

Ø  Noun and adjective suffixes: -ese, -an, -ist;

2. Adjective-forming suffixes:

Ø  Denominal suffixes: -ed, -ful, -ish, -less, -like, -ly, -y, -al (-ial, icial), -ic, -ous (ious, eous)

Ø  Deverbal suffixes: -ly, -able (-ible, -uble), -ive (-ative, -sive)

3. Adverb-forming suffixes: -ly, -ward (s), -wise

4. Verb-forming suffixes: -ize (-ise), -fy, -ate, -en